In Asia, private tutoring dominates the lives of young people and their families, maintain and exacerbate social inequalities, divert needed household income into an unregulated industry, and create inefficiencies in education systems. Costs associated with “shadow education” are staggering, the report said adding in Pakistan, expenditures on tutoring per child averaged equivalent to $3.40 a month in 2011, a significant amount. In Hong Kong, China, the business of providing private tutoring to secondary schools reached $255 million in 2011 while in Japan, families spent a whopping $12 billion in 2010 on shadow education, the report said. (source The Express Tribune)
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